How does the audio horn classify the material?

A friend Tucao said, listen to others speaker speakers feel like a fool like a look, I remember just touch the sound, I also foggy in the clouds, I feel very popular science speaker about the small knowledge.

In the development history of the speaker for more than 100 years, material selection, process flow and structure, etc. have been changing the different materials and quality to create different sound characteristics, but also have their own advantages and disadvantages. At present, the popular speaker on the market diaphragm material cone, plastic, metal and synthetic fiber four.

1.cone diaphragm

Paper cone diaphragm appears the earliest, but also the most common speaker diaphragm material, now has a very mature technical standards. The production process is roughly as follows, the pulp into the design of a good mold, dry and then a series of follow-up processing. Specific material composition, proportion, processing methods, each brand is different, belong to their trade secrets.

The sound characteristics of this diaphragm smooth natural, few distinctive parts of the stimulus, in line with the taste of most people. Because the internal fibers are intertwined, the vibrations of the sound during the transmission process can be quickly absorbed, so the damping characteristics are ideal. In addition, the cone also has the advantages of light weight, high energy conversion efficiency and so on. The disadvantage is that the cone is more sensitive to temperature and humidity, the impact of the environment is obvious, after several extreme environmental changes may produce irreversible deformation. However, with the advancement of technology, the waterproof performance of the cone will be getting better and better.

2.plastic diaphragm

Also known as PP sound basin, generally made of polypropylene material, is also a common diaphragm material, it's waterproof and waterproof effect to win the cone diaphragm many, but will also be a slight impact. PP sound basin also has excellent damping characteristics, feel comfortable and natural, but the rigidity of the general, the performance of high frequency easy to produce distortion.

Because it is chorus material, PP sound pot for later improvement, such as on the basis of the existing, you can add other materials to overcome a certain lack of to achieve an ideal state.

3.metal diaphragm

Metal diaphragm is generally made of aluminum or its alloy material, in the sound characteristics of the distinctive, in the dynamic and analytical performance of the outstanding, can be a good control of distortion. Only the damping characteristics of the metal diaphragm are relatively weak, the performance of high frequency is easy to produce "metal sound" (that is, high frequency side of the basin split phenomenon), but can be applied in the diaphragm surface to enhance the special coating. In addition, the metal diaphragm on the circuit has more design requirements, virtually increase the cost.

4. synthetic fiber diaphragm

Synthetic fiber diaphragm material is from the aviation military materials transplanted, light weight, has a high strength and rigidity, with a variety of other material diaphragm characteristics, is the high cost of manufacturing, generally found in high-level speakers. Synthetic fiber diaphragm damping characteristics still need to be strengthened, can be through the current sandwich or coating, etc. to achieve.

In addition to the above four kinds of diaphragm, in addition to graphite fiber, glass fiber, carbon fiber, bakelite and other materials of the speaker diaphragm, but the application is not much, rarely seen in the market.

In fact, the sound characteristics of different speakers, the diaphragm material has different requirements, tweeter and woofer diaphragm material is not the same.

Tweeter sub-hard dome, soft dome and composite film dome three categories.

Hard dome: aluminum alloy, titanium and other light metal as the material, with ultra-thin alloy platinum molding, the surface of the chemical treatment, sound bright cut, with high resolution.

Soft dome: the use of silk soft film, delicate soft tone, strong performance.

Composite film dome: the use of several materials made of composite diaphragm, such as the use of "silk Juan + aluminum" composite film. This tweeter has both the hard dome of the bright sound and resolution, but also silk Juan soft top of the natural smooth, clear sense of listening

At present, the common tweeter material mainly titanium film, silk film, pv film, multimedia speakers and more use pv film and silk membrane. It is generally believed that the latter's treble performance is better than the former.

The main components of the manufacture of bass units are paper pots, ceramic pots, bulletproof cloth, wool basin, polypropylene and so on.

Cone: with hardness and softness, high damping, easy to mix with other materials, etc., sound natural thick, bass full, but poor moisture resistance, manufacturing is difficult to control consistency. Due to low cost, was heavily used in the 300 yuan on the multimedia speakers.

Ceramic pots: the performance of the human voice and classical music is very delicate, very good tone in the bass, full and powerful, dynamic performance, excellent bass, accurate positioning. Suitable for the performance of the surging film audio source of the appeal and shock.

Bulletproof basin (braided pot): a wide frequency response and lower distortion, can withstand greater power, can produce warm, natural IF and deep, sharp low frequency, transient good, play big dynamic music effects Excellent, you are those who have exploded scenes, intense fighting and other games of the first choice of players, you can show that kind of basins or other general material speakers can not match the majestic momentum. The disadvantage is that the manufacturing process is complex, high cost, playing light music when poor performance.

Wool fiber basin: made in the pulp into the wool fiber made of soft texture, the performance of soft music is very good, vivid and natural, listen to melodious music such as symphony, give people the feeling of being immersive. But the bass is not good, not suitable for rock and music.

PP basin: good consistency, low distortion, all aspects of performance are very good, wide range of applications, but the price is higher, mainly for high-end speakers.